The Central Bank of Nigeria has approved the upgrade of operating licences for several leading fintech firms and microfinance banks, including Opay and Moniepoint, elevating them to national status and authorising full-scale operations across the country.

The licence upgrade also covers other major players such as Kuda Bank, Palmpay and Paga, whose rapid expansion through digital platforms and extensive agent networks has effectively pushed them beyond the limits of their former regional licences.

Confirming the development in Lagos at the annual conference of the Committee of Heads of Banks’ Operations, the Director of the Other Financial Institutions Supervision Department, Yemi Solaja, said the affected institutions had met the regulatory conditions required for nationwide operations.

“In practice, institutions like Moniepoint MFB, Opay, Kuda Bank and others are already operating nationally. The upgrade simply aligns their licences with the reality of their operations,” Solaja said.

He stressed the need for stronger physical presence and customer support structures, noting that most users of fintech services operate within the informal sector and require accessible points of contact to resolve complaints and disputes.

With the new national licences, the fintech firms will now be subject to stricter regulatory obligations, including higher capital requirements—set at N5 billion for national microfinance banks—and the establishment of offices dedicated to customer engagement and dispute resolution, while sustaining their role in deepening financial inclusion.

The move follows earlier enforcement actions by the apex bank, including fines of N1 billion each imposed on Moniepoint and Opay in 2024 over lapses in Know-Your-Customer compliance, reflecting the CBN’s continued push to strengthen governance and standards in Nigeria’s digital finance ecosystem.

Nigeria’s crude oil imports from the United States rose sharply to 42.13 million barrels within the first ten months of 2025, reflecting a significant shift in the country’s crude supply pattern and refinery feedstock strategy.

Data obtained from the United States Energy Information Administration show that between January and October 2025, Nigeria imported more than 42 million barrels of US crude, a steep increase from the 15.79 million barrels recorded over the same period in 2024. The development represents a year-on-year growth of about 167 per cent, largely driven by rising demand from domestic refineries, particularly the Dangote Petroleum Refinery.

By contrast, Nigeria’s crude imports from the US in 2024 were unstable, failing to exceed four million barrels for much of the year and plunging to as low as 1.04 million barrels in June. The volatility highlighted supply and operational challenges during that period.

Although Nigeria recorded no US crude imports in January 2025, volumes picked up in February at 3.11 million barrels, slightly below the 3.61 million barrels imported in February 2024. Imports climbed further in March to 5.25 million barrels, compared with about 1.83 million barrels in the corresponding month of the previous year.

The EIA data showed continued momentum as Nigeria imported 3.79 million barrels in May 2025—an increase of 1.71 million barrels year-on-year—before surging to 9.16 million barrels in June. Imports eased slightly in July at 4.17 million barrels, marginally above July 2024 levels, followed by 6.24 million barrels in August. September and October both recorded steady inflows of 4.19 million barrels each.

Industry analysts, quoted by Petroleumprice.ng, attributed the rising import volumes to Nigeria’s growing requirement for crude oil feedstock as privately owned refineries scale up operations. They noted that with over 42 million barrels already imported within ten months, Nigeria’s intake of US crude has nearly tripled compared to the previous year, with the likelihood of further increases if the current trend continues.

The analysts also pointed to a gradual ramp-up in crude intake at the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, where US light sweet crude has become a preferred option due to its compatibility with complex refining processes.

Commenting on the trend, petroleum economist, Prof. Wumi Iledare, described the surge in imports as a structural shift with wide-ranging macroeconomic and sectoral implications. He said the ultimate impact on the Nigerian economy would depend on exchange rate dynamics, efficiency in domestic crude allocation, and the level of refinery utilisation.

According to him, crude oil imports could influence petroleum product prices and inflation primarily through the exchange rate channel. He noted that if macroeconomic stability is sustained and refineries operate at high utilisation levels, the development could support output growth, income generation, and employment. However, he cautioned that failure to address domestic crude pricing and allocation constraints could deepen Nigeria’s dependence on imported feedstock, undermining long-term energy security and industrial optimisation.

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) have jointly introduced a comprehensive framework aimed at resolving consumer complaints linked to failed airtime and data transactions caused by network outages, system malfunctions, or human error.

The development was disclosed on Thursday in a statement issued by the NCC’s Head of Public Affairs, Nnenna Ukoha, who explained that the initiative is in line with the commission’s consumer-protection mandate and broader collaboration with industry partners.

According to the statement, the framework is the product of months of consultations involving the NCC, CBN, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), Value-Added Service (VAS) providers, Deposit Money Banks (DMBs), and other key stakeholders. These engagements were triggered by a growing number of complaints from subscribers who were debited for airtime or data purchases without receiving the service, often facing prolonged delays in resolution.

Ukoha noted that the framework represents a unified position by both the telecommunications and financial sectors on how such complaints should be addressed. It identifies the underlying causes of failed transactions, including cases where bank accounts are debited without successful service delivery, and establishes a binding Service Level Agreement (SLA) for MNOs and DMBs. The SLA clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in transaction processing and dispute resolution.

Under the new guidelines, customers who are debited but do not receive airtime or data—whether the failure occurs at the bank or network operator level—are entitled to a refund within 30 seconds. However, in situations where a transaction remains pending, the refund period may extend to a maximum of 24 hours.

The framework also requires operators to notify consumers via SMS of the outcome of every transaction. In addition, it provides mechanisms for resolving issues related to erroneous recharges on ported lines, incorrect airtime or data purchases, and transfers made to the wrong phone numbers.

Commenting on the initiative, the NCC’s Director of Consumer Affairs, Mrs. Freda Bruce-Bennett, revealed that the framework includes the establishment of a Central Monitoring Dashboard to be jointly hosted by the NCC and the CBN. She explained that the platform will allow both regulators to track transaction failures in real time, identify the responsible party, monitor refunds, and detect breaches of agreed SLAs.

Bruce-Bennett described failed airtime and data top-ups as one of the top three consumer complaints in the sector, noting that the commission was determined to address the issue promptly. She expressed appreciation to all stakeholders, particularly the CBN, for their sustained commitment to developing the framework and ensuring consumers receive full value for their payments.

She further disclosed that, pending final approval by the management of both regulators, mobile network operators and banks have already refunded more than ₦10 billion to customers affected by failed transactions. According to her, full implementation of the framework is expected to begin on March 1, 2026, once regulatory approvals are completed and technical integration by MNOs, VAS providers, and DMBs is finalized.